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Computer Networks → Introduction to Computer Networks 40

SLA is
Service Level Agreement (external commitment with consequences)
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Error budget is calculated as
1 minus SLO target
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MTBF formula for availability
MTBF / (MTBF + MTTR)
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Runbook automation
Automates documented operational procedures
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On-call rotation ensures
24/7 coverage for incident response
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Container image scanning checks for
Known vulnerabilities in image layers
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SBOM helps with
Identifying all software dependencies and their vulnerabilities
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SAST analyzes code
Statically without execution
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DAST tests application
While running it from outside
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Fuzzing sends
Random or malformed input to find crashes
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DevSecOps integrates security
Throughout the entire development pipeline
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Shift-left means
Move security and testing earlier in development
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CSPM monitors
Cloud configuration posture for security risks
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CWPP protects
Workloads across cloud VMs containers and serverless
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CNAPP combines
CSPM and CWPP in unified cloud-native security platform
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IoT security challenge is
Many resource-constrained devices with poor update mechanisms
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Matter protocol unifies
Consumer smart home IoT devices across ecosystems
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Thread uses
IPv6 mesh networking for IoT
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Zigbee mesh extends range by
Devices acting as routers to relay messages
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Z-Wave uses in US
908.42 MHz
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BLE advertisement interval affects
Power consumption and discovery latency
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RFID passive tag gets power from
Reader electromagnetic field
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NFC operates at
13.56 MHz
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UWB is used for
Precise indoor positioning and ranging
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EnOcean is
Energy harvesting wireless sensor technology
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5G fronthaul uses what standard interface
O-RAN FH or CPRI/eCPRI
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O-RAN RU handles
Radio unit RF transmission reception
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O-RAN DU handles
Lower layer baseband time-critical functions
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O-RAN CU handles
Higher layer protocols PDCP and above
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5G PFCP is between
SMF and UPF
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5G N1 interface is between
UE and AMF (NAS signaling)
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5G N2 interface is between
gNB and AMF (NG-AP)
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5G N3 interface is between
gNB and UPF (GTP-U)
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5G N6 interface is between
UPF and external data network
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5G UDM manages
Subscriber data and authentication credentials
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NOMA allows multiple users to share
Same time-frequency resource using power levels
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Beamforming in 5G massive MIMO increases
Spatial capacity by targeting beams to users
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Network slicing isolation ensures
Each slice has guaranteed resources and performance
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MEC reduces latency by
Processing data at network edge near users
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5G SA mode means
Standalone (5G core no 4G anchor)
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