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Computer Networks → Introduction to Computer Networks 40

Python requests library is used for
Making HTTP API calls in automation
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ncclient connects to devices via
NETCONF over SSH
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napalm get_interfaces returns
Interface details from network devices uniformly
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Scapy is used for
Packet crafting manipulation and network testing
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netmiko simplifies
SSH connections to multi-vendor network devices
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ICANN manages globally
Domain names and IP address allocation
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IANA coordinates
IP addressing DNS root and protocol parameter assignments
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IETF produces
Internet standards (RFCs)
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IEEE produces
Networking and electrical engineering standards
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3GPP standardizes
Cellular mobile standards 3G 4G 5G
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ITU-T standardizes
Telecommunications standards G-series H-series
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RIR ARIN covers
North America
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RIR RIPE covers
Europe and Middle East
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RIR APNIC covers
Asia Pacific
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RIR AFRINIC covers
Africa
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Peering vs transit key difference is
Peering is typically free bilateral; transit is paid forwarding
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Tier-1 ISP characteristic is
No upstream transit providers
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Hot potato routing hands off traffic
As early as possible to reduce own cost
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Cold potato routing keeps traffic
On own network as long as possible
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IXP physical infrastructure is usually
Large layer 2 switching fabric
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Route server at IXP is
Not in data path only in control plane
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CDN edge cache hit improves
Latency and origin offload
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Anycast in DNS routes
To nearest server by BGP routing metric
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DNS-based load balancing returns
Different IPs for same name based on load or location
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Geo-DNS returns answers based on
Geographic location of requester
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HLS uses which segmentation
2-10 second MPEG-TS or fMP4 segments
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DASH-MPD is
Media Presentation Description XML manifest file
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ABR streaming adjusts
Video quality bitrate based on available bandwidth
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CDN origin pull fetches when
Cached content expires or is not present
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WebRTC TURN relays when
P2P direct path fails due to symmetric NAT
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WebRTC STUN discovers
Public IP address and port through NAT
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ICE in WebRTC tries candidates in order
Relay first
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SDP negotiation in WebRTC is
Offer-answer model for codec and connection parameters
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RTSP is used for
Streaming media server control
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HLS vs DASH key difference is
HLS is Apple-created DASH is open standard
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Chaos Monkey was created by
Netflix
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Game days in SRE are
Planned failure exercises to test resilience
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Observability differs from monitoring because
Observability answers unknown questions monitoring answers known ones
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SLI is
Service Level Indicator (measured metric)
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SLO is
Service Level Objective (target for SLI)
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