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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 38

TPM chip is used for?
Secure key storage, disk encryption, and attestation
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Secure Boot in UEFI prevents?
Booting unauthorized or unsigned bootloaders and OS
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GDPR right to erasure means?
Individuals can request their personal data be deleted
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PII (Personally Identifiable Information) includes?
Name, SSN, email, phone — data identifying specific individuals
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Data minimization in GDPR means?
Collect only minimum personal data necessary for the specific purpose
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Turing machine was proposed by?
Alan Turing
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The Halting Problem is?
Undecidable — no algorithm can determine if arbitrary program halts
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P vs NP: P class problems are?
Solvable in polynomial time by deterministic Turing machine
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NP-complete problems are?
Both in NP and as hard as any other NP problem
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Traveling Salesman Problem (TSP) is?
NP-hard with no known polynomial solution
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Actor model of concurrency uses?
Independent actors communicating via message passing — no shared state
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Rust programming language guarantees?
Memory safety without GC using ownership/borrowing system
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WebAssembly (WASM) is?
Binary instruction format running in browsers at near-native speed
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JIT (Just-In-Time) compilation?
Compiles frequently executed code at runtime to machine code
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Garbage collection (GC) in managed languages?
Automatically reclaims unused memory
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Generational GC is based on?
Most objects die young — frequent minor GC of young generation
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LLVM is?
Compiler infrastructure providing reusable compiler and toolchain components
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Formal verification mathematically?
Proves software correctness against specification
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Lambda calculus was developed by?
Alonzo Church — foundation of functional programming
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Regular language is recognized by?
Finite automaton (DFA/NFA)
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Context-free language recognized by?
Pushdown automaton (PDA)
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Turing complete means?
Can simulate any Turing machine — compute any computable function
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OFDM is used in?
WiFi, 4G LTE, 5G — robust multipath channel transmission
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Shannon channel capacity theorem states?
Maximum error-free data rate = B x log2(1 + S/N)
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Nyquist rate for a channel is?
Maximum symbol rate = 2B (twice the bandwidth) for noiseless channel
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Which Indian IIT/institute is connected via NKN?
IITs, IIMs, universities and research institutions through National Knowledge Network
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TRAI regulates?
Telecom and broadcast services including internet in India
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RMSSSB stands for?
Rajasthan Ministerial and Subordinate Service Selection Board
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Huffman coding is?
Lossless variable-length encoding minimizing average code length
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LZ77 compression is used in?
ZIP files and deflate (gzip) — dictionary-based sliding window compression
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JPEG uses which type of compression?
Lossy DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) based block compression
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PNG uses which compression?
DEFLATE (LZ77 + Huffman) applied to filtered image data — lossless
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Which format supports transparency fully?
PNG
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Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is used in?
bzip2 compression — reorganizes data for better compression
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Run-Length Encoding (RLE) is most effective for?
Data with long runs of identical values
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Delta encoding stores?
Difference from reference value — efficient for slowly changing data
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Which image format supports animation?
GIF
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WebP image format provides?
Both lossy and lossless compression with ~30% smaller than JPEG/PNG
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 2

Chomsky hierarchy from most to least restricted?
Regular < Context-free < Context-sensitive < Recursively enumerable
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Coroutine differs from thread in?
Cooperative scheduling — yields control explicitly vs preemptive thread scheduling
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