Quick Revision

GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

Looking for exam process/strategy questions instead? Try the Exam Preparation FAQ →

Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 38

Zero Trust security model assumes?
No implicit trust — verify every access request regardless of location
click to copy
Which sorting algorithm has guaranteed O(n log n) worst case?
Merge sort
click to copy
Dijkstra's algorithm finds?
Shortest path from source to all vertices in weighted graph
click to copy
Minimum spanning tree connects all vertices with?
Minimum total edge weight
click to copy
Hash table provides average time complexity of?
O(1)
click to copy
Heap data structure is used for?
Priority queue implementation
click to copy
In a max-heap, the root is?
Largest element
click to copy
Dynamic programming solves problems by?
Storing solutions to subproblems (memoization) to avoid redundant computation
click to copy
Greedy algorithm?
Makes locally optimal choices at each step
click to copy
CAP theorem: distributed system can guarantee only two of?
Consistency, Availability, Partition tolerance
click to copy
MapReduce consists of?
Map phase (parallel processing) + Reduce phase (aggregation)
click to copy
Shor's algorithm on quantum computer?
Factors large integers — threatening RSA encryption
click to copy
Grover's algorithm provides?
Quadratic speedup for unstructured search O(sqrt n)
click to copy
Blockchain is?
Immutable distributed ledger maintained across peer-to-peer network
click to copy
Smart contract is?
Self-executing code on blockchain triggered by predefined conditions
click to copy
IoT stands for?
Internet of Things
click to copy
Edge computing processes data?
Near the source of data generation for reduced latency
click to copy
Digital twin is?
Virtual replica of physical system for simulation and monitoring
click to copy
Quantum entanglement means?
Measurement of one particle instantly affects its entangled partner regardless of distance
click to copy
Post-quantum cryptography aims to?
Develop algorithms resistant to quantum computer attacks
click to copy
STRIDE threat model stands for?
Spoofing, Tampering, Repudiation, Information disclosure, Denial of service, Elevation of privilege
click to copy
OWASP Top 10 is?
List of most critical web application security risks
click to copy
SQL injection attack exploits?
Unvalidated user input in SQL queries
click to copy
Buffer overflow attack overwrites?
Adjacent memory including return address to redirect execution
click to copy
ARP spoofing is?
Sending fake ARP replies to associate attacker MAC with victim IP
click to copy
Rootkit is?
Malware hiding deep in OS to conceal other malware
click to copy
Botnet is?
Network of infected computers controlled remotely by attacker
click to copy
ASLR randomizes?
Memory addresses of process components to hinder exploits
click to copy
DEP/NX prevents?
Execution of code from non-executable memory regions
click to copy
XSS (Cross-Site Scripting) attack?
Injects malicious scripts into web pages viewed by other users
click to copy
CSRF attack tricks?
Authenticated users into unknowingly submitting malicious requests to trusted sites
click to copy
Honypot in cybersecurity is?
Decoy system to detect and study attackers
click to copy
Which attack overwhelms a server with traffic?
DDoS (Distributed Denial of Service)
click to copy
Which is the most secure Wi-Fi protocol?
WPA3
click to copy
Digital watermarking is for?
Copyright protection — embedding ownership information in digital media
click to copy
Zero-knowledge proof allows?
Proving knowledge of a secret without revealing it
click to copy
Federated learning trains ML models?
Across distributed devices — only model updates shared, not raw data
click to copy
Homomorphic encryption allows?
Computation on encrypted data without decrypting
click to copy

Computer Fundamentals → Internet Basics 1

LEO satellite internet (Starlink) orbits at?
550 km (LEO) — much lower latency than GEO
click to copy

Computer Fundamentals → Computer Security 1

Ethical hacking is also called?
Penetration testing
click to copy