Quick Revision

GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Networks → Introduction to Computer Networks 31

PaaS provides
Development platform with managed infrastructure
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SaaS provides
Fully managed software application
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Cloud elasticity means
Automatically scaling resources up or down with demand
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Cloud multi-tenancy means
Multiple customers sharing same infrastructure
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FinOps is
Optimizing cloud costs
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BGP next-hop unchanged for iBGP means
eBGP learned next-hop is preserved when sent to iBGP peers
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BGP UPDATE message contains
Withdrawn routes and network layer reachability information
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BGP NOTIFICATION message indicates
Error condition causing session termination
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BGP KEEPALIVE prevents
BGP hold-timer expiry
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BGP OPEN message establishes
BGP session with version AS and hold time
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BGP hold time of 0 means
Session never expires (keepalives disabled)
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Distributed anycast gateway uses
Same gateway IP/MAC on all leaf switches
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MAC mobility in EVPN is detected by
Sequence number in BGP route advertisement
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EVPN Type 1 is
Ethernet Auto-Discovery Route
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EVPN Type 4 is
Ethernet Segment Route
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BGP EVPN vs VPLS advantage is
Optimal forwarding and MAC/IP control plane via BGP
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ARP suppression in EVPN means
EVPN responds locally to ARP requests
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VTEP learning in BGP EVPN is
Control plane via BGP UPDATE messages
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MPLS PHP reduces
Egress router load by removing label at penultimate hop
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MPLS implicit null (label 3) signals
Penultimate hop to pop label (PHP)
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MPLS explicit null (label 0) means
Forward to IPv4 next hop with DSCP preserved
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MPLS router alert (label 1) means
Process packet at each hop (like IP router alert)
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MPLS label stack enables
Nested tunneling for VPN and TE
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MPLS TE uses which protocol for signaling
RSVP-TE
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MPLS LDP discovery uses
UDP multicast for local and unicast for targeted sessions
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MPLS QoS can use
EXP bits (TC field) in label header
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MPLS traffic engineering relies on
Link state with TE extensions (OSPF-TE or IS-IS-TE)
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ZTP zero-touch provisioning uses
Automatic device configuration on first boot
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Terraform apply does
Execute and deploy the planned changes
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Ansible ad-hoc command runs
Single task without a playbook
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Ansible role organizes
Reusable collection of tasks handlers and variables
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Computer Networks → Routing Algorithms 4

OSPF on point-to-point network has no
DR/BDR election
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OSPF E1 external route has
Cumulative metric adding internal cost
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OSPF E2 external route has
Fixed metric set at ASBR regardless of internal cost
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OSPF LSRefresh time is
30 minutes
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Computer Networks → Types of Networks 4

VXLAN flood and learn works like
Traditional learning Ethernet switch
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EVPN with BGP for VXLAN provides
Control plane MAC and IP advertisement eliminating floods
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BUM traffic in VXLAN is
Broadcast Unknown unicast Multicast
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Terraform plan does
Show changes before applying
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Computer Networks → Transport Layer 1

MPLS OAM ping uses UDP port
3503
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