Quick Revision

GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

Looking for exam process/strategy questions instead? Try the Exam Preparation FAQ →

Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 36

LiFi technology uses?
Visible light for high-speed wireless data transmission
click to copy
Quantum supremacy was claimed by Google in?
2019
click to copy
Quantum entanglement means?
Measurement of one particle instantly affects its entangled partner regardless of distance
click to copy
Quantum gate equivalent in classical computing is?
Logic gate (AND, OR, NOT)
click to copy
Shor's algorithm on quantum computer can?
Factor large integers exponentially faster — threatening RSA encryption
click to copy
Grover's algorithm provides?
Quadratic speedup for unstructured search (O(√n) vs O(n))
click to copy
Post-quantum cryptography aims to?
Develop algorithms resistant to quantum computer attacks
click to copy
Which post-quantum algorithm was selected by NIST in 2022?
CRYSTALS-Kyber and CRYSTALS-Dilithium
click to copy
Digital twin is?
Virtual replica of physical system for simulation and monitoring
click to copy
SCADA systems are used in?
Industrial control systems (power grids, water, manufacturing)
click to copy
ICS (Industrial Control System) security is critical because?
Attacks can cause physical harm and infrastructure failures
click to copy
GDPR applies to?
Any organization processing EU residents' personal data
click to copy
Right to erasure (GDPR Article 17) means?
Individuals can request their personal data be deleted
click to copy
Data minimization principle in GDPR?
Collect only minimum personal data necessary for the specific purpose
click to copy
Flynn's taxonomy classifies computer architectures based on?
Instruction and data stream multiplicity (SISD, SIMD, MISD, MIMD)
click to copy
GPU computing is classified as?
SIMD (Single Instruction Multiple Data)
click to copy
SIMD instructions like AVX allow CPU to?
Process multiple data elements with one instruction
click to copy
Amdahl's Law states that speedup is limited by?
The sequential (non-parallelizable) portion of the program
click to copy
Gustafson's Law (scaled speedup) argues that?
Larger problems can be solved in same time with more cores — overcomes Amdahl's limit
click to copy
Interconnect topology in supercomputers affects?
Communication latency and bandwidth between nodes
click to copy
Which interconnect technology is used in HPC clusters?
InfiniBand (low latency, high bandwidth)
click to copy
GPGPUs (General Purpose GPU) are used for?
Scientific computing, AI, video processing using massively parallel architecture
click to copy
CUDA is NVIDIA's platform for?
GPU parallel computing using C/C++ extensions
click to copy
OpenCL is?
Cross-platform parallel computing framework for GPU/CPU/FPGA
click to copy
TPU (Tensor Processing Unit) developed by Google is optimized for?
Machine learning tensor operations (matrix multiplications)
click to copy
Neuromorphic computing mimics?
Biological neural networks for energy-efficient AI
click to copy
Memory-centric computing (Processing-in-Memory) places computation?
Near or within the memory chip to reduce data movement
click to copy
Non-von Neumann architectures include?
Dataflow and neuromorphic architectures
click to copy
Dataflow architecture executes instructions when?
All required input data is available — data-driven execution
click to copy
Optical computing uses?
Photons (light) for computation — speed of light, no electrical resistance
click to copy
DNA computing uses?
DNA molecules to perform parallel computation
click to copy
Cache replacement policy LFU (Least Frequently Used) evicts?
Item accessed least number of times
click to copy
Cache thrashing (high miss rate) is caused by?
Working set larger than available cache causing frequent evictions
click to copy
Non-temporal store instruction bypasses?
Cache — writes directly to RAM for large streaming writes
click to copy
Prefetching in CPUs attempts to?
Load data into cache before it's needed based on access patterns
click to copy
Memory bandwidth vs latency: bandwidth measures?
Total data transfer rate (GB/s)
click to copy

Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 2

OT (Operational Technology) differs from IT in?
Controls physical processes and equipment directly
click to copy
FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array) differs from CPU/GPU in?
Its digital logic can be reconfigured after manufacturing
click to copy

Computer Fundamentals → Computer Security 1

Stuxnet malware was notable for?
Targeting industrial SCADA/ICS systems (Iranian nuclear centrifuges)
click to copy

Computer Fundamentals → Generations of Computer 1

ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) vs FPGA: ASIC is?
Fixed-function chip designed for one specific application — faster and more efficient
click to copy