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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 40

Which is NOT a valid SQL aggregate function?
FIRST()
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RANK() vs DENSE_RANK() in SQL: difference is?
RANK() skips numbers after ties; DENSE_RANK() doesn't skip
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Window functions in SQL operate on?
Set of rows related to current row without collapsing them
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CTE (Common Table Expression) in SQL is defined using?
WITH clause — named temporary result set
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Recursive CTE is used for?
Hierarchical data queries (org charts, trees)
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Execution plan in SQL databases shows?
How the query will be executed (indexes used, join methods, cost)
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Serverless computing pricing model?
Pay only for actual execution time and resources consumed
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AWS Lambda maximum execution timeout is?
15 minutes
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Cold start in serverless refers to?
Latency when a new container/instance initializes for first invocation
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Event-driven architecture responds to?
Events/triggers automatically — loose coupling between services
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Message queue vs event stream: event stream?
Retains events for replay by multiple consumers (Kafka)
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Dead Letter Queue (DLQ) stores?
Messages that failed to process after maximum retry attempts
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Content Delivery Network (CDN) edge nodes are placed?
Geographically distributed close to end users
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CDN reduces load on origin server by?
Serving cached content from edge nodes instead of origin
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Cache invalidation in CDN is triggered by?
Content publisher via API/TTL expiry
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Which AWS service is an object storage?
S3
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AWS CloudFront is?
CDN service
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AWS ELB (Elastic Load Balancer) types include?
ALB, NLB, CLB (Application, Network, Classic)
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Auto Scaling in cloud automatically?
Adjusts compute capacity based on demand
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VPC (Virtual Private Cloud) provides?
Isolated private network section within cloud provider infrastructure
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Security Group in AWS acts as?
Stateful virtual firewall for EC2 instances
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AWS IAM (Identity and Access Management) manages?
User identities, permissions, and access to AWS resources
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Principle of Least Privilege in IAM?
Grant only minimum permissions required for the task
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AWS ARN (Amazon Resource Name) uniquely identifies?
Any AWS resource globally
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Which service provides managed Kubernetes in AWS?
EKS
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Which service provides managed containers (without K8s) in AWS?
ECS (Elastic Container Service)
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AWS Fargate is?
Serverless compute engine for containers (no server management)
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Blockchain consensus mechanism Proof of Work (PoW) requires?
Computational work (solving cryptographic puzzle) to add a block
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Proof of Stake (PoS) selects validators based on?
Amount of cryptocurrency staked as collateral
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Smart contract is?
Self-executing code on blockchain triggered by predefined conditions
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Ethereum's smart contracts are written in?
Solidity
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NFT (Non-Fungible Token) represents?
Unique, non-interchangeable digital asset with ownership record on blockchain
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DeFi (Decentralized Finance) uses?
Blockchain-based financial services without intermediaries
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Metaverse refers to?
Persistent, interconnected virtual worlds with economic activity
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Edge computing processes data?
Near the source of data generation (IoT devices, local servers)
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Fog computing is?
Intermediate layer between edge devices and cloud — extends cloud to network edge
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5G network slicing allows?
Multiple virtual networks tailored for different use cases on same infrastructure
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eMBB in 5G stands for?
Enhanced Mobile Broadband — high speed for video/browsing
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URLLC in 5G stands for?
Ultra Reliable Low Latency Communications
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mMTC in 5G stands for?
Massive Machine Type Communications — IoT devices
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