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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 38

NAS stands for?
Network Attached Storage
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SAN stands for?
Storage Area Network
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Difference between NAS and SAN: NAS provides?
File-level storage over network
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Object storage is ideal for?
Unstructured data at massive scale (S3, Blob)
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CAS storage (Content Addressable Storage) uses?
Content hash for addressing — same content = same address
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Deduplication in storage?
Eliminates redundant data copies to save space
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Compression ratio of storage is?
Ratio of original to compressed size — higher is better
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Which file system supports access control lists (ACL)?
NTFS
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exFAT is designed for?
Flash drives and SD cards (no 4GB limit)
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ZFS file system feature: copy-on-write means?
Writes new data to new location before updating pointer — protects against corruption
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ZFS checksums protect against?
Data corruption and bit rot by verifying data integrity
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APFS (Apple File System) is optimized for?
Flash/SSD storage with strong encryption and snapshots
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Journaling in a file system?
Records file system changes to enable recovery after crash
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Which storage classification is 'cold storage'?
Rarely accessed archive data (cheap, slow)
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Tape storage (LTO) is used for?
Long-term archival backup due to low cost per TB
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Memory hierarchy principle states: closer to CPU = ?
Faster, smaller, more expensive
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TDP (Thermal Design Power) in CPUs represents?
Average power dissipation the cooler must handle
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Which CPU socket type does AMD Ryzen 7000 series use?
AM5
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Intel Core i9 vs i5: i9 typically has?
More cores, higher cache, higher TDP
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Hyper-Threading (Intel) / SMT (AMD) allows?
One physical core to appear as two logical processors
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Which component generates reference clock signal for the CPU?
Crystal oscillator
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PCIe 5.0 doubles the bandwidth of PCIe 4.0, providing per-lane bandwidth of?
4 GB/s
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Which motherboard form factor is most common in desktop PCs?
ATX
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Mini-ITX motherboard is preferred for?
High-performance servers
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VRM (Voltage Regulator Module) on motherboard?
Converts and regulates power for CPU from PSU
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Phase count in VRM indicates?
Number of power delivery stages — more phases = more stable power
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Which connector provides power to the CPU on the motherboard?
4-pin or 8-pin EPS
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Ray tracing in GPUs simulates?
Physically accurate light behavior (reflections, shadows)
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Which GPU API is primarily used in Windows gaming?
DirectX 12
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Vulkan API advantages over OpenGL?
Lower CPU overhead, better multi-threading, explicit GPU control
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DLSS (NVIDIA) and FSR (AMD) are used for?
AI-based upscaling to render at lower res and display at higher res
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Which component in a PC is responsible for converting AC to DC?
Power Supply Unit (PSU)
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80 PLUS certification for PSUs measures?
Power efficiency at various load levels
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Which PSU efficiency rating is highest?
80 PLUS Titanium
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Which thermal interface material has highest conductivity?
Liquid metal (Gallium alloy)
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Heat pipe technology uses which principle?
Phase change of coolant to transfer heat
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AIO (All-In-One) liquid cooler components include?
Radiator, fans, and CPU block connected by tubes
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Custom liquid cooling loop benefits over AIO?
Higher thermal performance and customization
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 2

GPU VRAM (Video RAM) is used for?
Storing textures, frame buffer, and rendering data
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Modular PSU differs from non-modular in?
Cables detach for cleaner builds
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