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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 40

Sandboxing in security?
Runs untrusted code in isolated environment
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Penetration testing should be done?
With explicit written authorization
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CVE stands for in security?
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures
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OWASP stands for?
Open Web Application Security Project
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OWASP Top 10 is?
List of most critical web application security risks
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Which attack targets the application layer (Layer 7)?
HTTP flood/DDoS
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SYN flood attack exploits?
TCP three-way handshake
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TCP three-way handshake steps are?
SYN, SYN-ACK, ACK
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Which OSI layer does TLS/SSL secure?
Between layers 4 and 7
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Hash function is one-way because?
Given hash, original data cannot be derived
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SHA-256 produces a hash of?
256 bits
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MD5 is now considered?
Deprecated — vulnerable to collisions
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Which of the following is NOT a cloud service model?
HaaS (Hardware as a Service)
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Elasticity in cloud computing means?
Automatically scaling resources up or down based on demand
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Pay-as-you-go in cloud computing?
Pay only for resources consumed
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Which cloud deployment model serves only one organization?
Private cloud
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Hybrid cloud combines?
Public and private cloud
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Multi-cloud strategy uses?
Multiple services from one vendor
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Object storage vs block storage: object storage is best for?
Unstructured data like images/videos
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Which is Amazon's object storage service?
S3
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CDN reduces latency by?
Storing content copies geographically closer to users
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Stateless application means?
Application doesn't store session state between requests
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Containerization packages?
Application with all dependencies in isolated container
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Docker image is?
A read-only template for creating containers
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Docker container is?
A running instance of an image
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Kubernetes Pod is?
Smallest deployable unit containing one or more containers
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Service mesh in microservices handles?
Inter-service communication, load balancing, security
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Observability in DevOps includes?
Metrics, logging, and tracing
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MTTR stands for?
Mean Time To Recover
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MTBF stands for?
Mean Time Between Failures
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SLA stands for in IT services?
Service Level Agreement
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Uptime of 99.9% ('three nines') allows how much downtime per year?
About 8.76 hours
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Which algorithm is used in public key cryptography?
RSA
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Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) compared to RSA?
Stronger with smaller key size
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Diffie-Hellman is used for?
Secure key exchange over public channel
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Perfect Forward Secrecy (PFS) means?
Compromise of long-term key doesn't compromise past session keys
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Which is the fastest sorting algorithm in average case?
Quick sort
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Amortized time complexity is?
Average time per operation over sequence of operations
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Space complexity of merge sort is?
O(n)
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Quick sort worst case (sorted array with naive pivot) is?
O(n²)
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