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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 35

FIFO page replacement replaces?
Oldest page in memory
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Optimal page replacement algorithm?
Replaces the page not used for longest time in future
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Bélády's anomaly occurs in?
FIFO
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Working set model is related to?
Page replacement and memory management
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File allocation table (FAT) stores?
Location of file data clusters on disk
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Inode in Linux stores?
File metadata (permissions, size, location)
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Hard link in Linux?
Points to same inode as original
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Soft link (symbolic link) in Linux?
Points to path/name of original file
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What does chmod 755 mean?
Read-write-execute for owner; read-execute for group and others
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Root user in Linux has UID?
0
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Which command shows network interfaces in Linux?
ifconfig or ip addr
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Which command installs packages in Ubuntu?
apt install
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Which command installs packages in CentOS/RHEL?
yum install / dnf install
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What is /etc in Linux?
System configuration files
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What is /var in Linux?
Variable data files (logs, spools, databases)
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What is /tmp in Linux?
System temp files (cleared on reboot)
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What is /home in Linux?
User home directories
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What is /bin in Linux?
Essential command binaries (ls, cp, mv)
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What is /dev in Linux?
Device files (hardware interfaces)
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Process 1 (PID 1) in Linux is?
init/systemd
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Which signal terminates a process in Linux?
SIGKILL
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POSIX standards define?
Portable OS interface standards for Unix-like systems
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Blue Screen of Death (BSOD) in Windows indicates?
Fatal system error requiring reboot
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Which file in Linux contains user account information?
/etc/passwd
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Encrypted passwords in Linux are stored in?
/etc/shadow
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Multi-factor authentication combines?
Multiple authentication factors from different categories
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Vishing is?
Voice/phone-call phishing
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Smishing uses?
SMS text messages
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Man-in-the-middle (MITM) attack?
Intercepts communication between two parties
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ARP spoofing is?
Sending fake ARP replies to associate attacker's MAC with victim's IP
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DNS poisoning (cache poisoning) inserts?
Corrupt DNS records redirecting to malicious sites
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Keylogger records?
Every keystroke typed by user
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Rootkit is?
Malware hiding deep in OS to conceal other malware
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Botnet is?
Network of infected computers controlled remotely
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Command and Control (C&C) server is used by?
Botnet operators to control infected machines
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Computer Fundamentals → Operating System Basics 1

What does 'kernel panic' mean in Linux?
Fatal OS error requiring reboot
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Computer Fundamentals → Computer Security 4

Social media phishing is called?
Spear phishing
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Whaling phishing targets?
Specific high-profile executives
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Spyware is malware that?
Self-replicates
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Adware is malware that?
Displays unwanted advertisements
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