Quick Revision

GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 38

LLVM is?
Compiler infrastructure providing reusable compiler and toolchain components
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Formal verification mathematically?
Proves software correctness against specification
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Lambda calculus was developed by?
Alonzo Church — foundation of functional programming
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Regular language is recognized by?
Finite automaton (DFA/NFA)
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Context-free language recognized by?
Pushdown automaton (PDA)
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Turing complete means?
Can simulate any Turing machine — compute any computable function
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OFDM is used in?
WiFi, 4G LTE, 5G — robust multipath channel transmission
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Shannon channel capacity theorem states?
Maximum error-free data rate = B x log2(1 + S/N)
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Nyquist rate for a channel is?
Maximum symbol rate = 2B (twice the bandwidth) for noiseless channel
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Which Indian IIT/institute is connected via NKN?
IITs, IIMs, universities and research institutions through National Knowledge Network
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TRAI regulates?
Telecom and broadcast services including internet in India
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RMSSSB stands for?
Rajasthan Ministerial and Subordinate Service Selection Board
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Huffman coding is?
Lossless variable-length encoding minimizing average code length
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LZ77 compression is used in?
ZIP files and deflate (gzip) — dictionary-based sliding window compression
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JPEG uses which type of compression?
Lossy DCT (Discrete Cosine Transform) based block compression
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PNG uses which compression?
DEFLATE (LZ77 + Huffman) applied to filtered image data — lossless
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Which format supports transparency fully?
PNG
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Burrows-Wheeler Transform (BWT) is used in?
bzip2 compression — reorganizes data for better compression
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Run-Length Encoding (RLE) is most effective for?
Data with long runs of identical values
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Delta encoding stores?
Difference from reference value — efficient for slowly changing data
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Which image format supports animation?
GIF
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WebP image format provides?
Both lossy and lossless compression with ~30% smaller than JPEG/PNG
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Minimum spanning tree algorithms include?
Prim's and Kruskal's algorithms
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Topological sort applies to?
Directed Acyclic Graphs (DAGs)
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Floyd-Warshall algorithm finds?
All-pairs shortest paths using dynamic programming
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Bloom filter is a?
Probabilistic space-efficient structure — no false negatives, possible false positives
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Skip list provides?
O(log n) average search with probabilistic balance
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Consistent hashing is used in?
Distributed systems for even load distribution as nodes join/leave
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Which sorting is stable?
Merge sort
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TimSort (Python's default sort) is based on?
Natural runs plus merge sort — optimized for real-world partially sorted data
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LCS (Longest Common Subsequence) has complexity?
O(n x m) using dynamic programming
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KMP string matching algorithm runs in?
O(n+m) using failure function
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Aho-Corasick algorithm performs?
Multi-pattern string matching in O(n + sum of pattern lengths + matches)
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Which data structure implements priority queue most efficiently?
Binary heap
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Segment tree supports?
Range queries and point updates in O(log n)
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Fenwick tree (BIT) is used for?
Efficient prefix sum queries and point updates in O(log n)
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DSU (Disjoint Set Union) with optimizations achieves?
Near O(1) amortized per operation (inverse Ackermann function)
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Gradient descent minimizes?
Loss function by iteratively adjusting weights in negative gradient direction
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 2

Chomsky hierarchy from most to least restricted?
Regular < Context-free < Context-sensitive < Recursively enumerable
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Coroutine differs from thread in?
Cooperative scheduling — yields control explicitly vs preemptive thread scheduling
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