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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 33

MAC address operates at which OSI layer?
Layer 2 (Data Link)
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Which device operates at all 7 OSI layers?
Firewall / Application gateway
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TLS operates between which layers?
L4 and L7 (between Transport and Application)
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Which of these is NOT a valid IP version?
IPv5
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Default gateway is?
Router IP that handles traffic destined outside the local network
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Which command tests network connectivity in Linux?
ping
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netstat -an command shows?
All active network connections and listening ports with numeric addresses
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ss command in Linux replaces?
netstat command for showing socket statistics
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Which command shows routing table in Linux?
route -n / ip route show
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iptables in Linux is used for?
Firewall rules for packet filtering and NAT
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nftables replaces which Linux tool?
iptables (newer, unified framework)
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tcpdump is used for?
Capturing and analyzing network packets at command line
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Which command shows disk usage in Linux?
df -h (disk free) and du -sh (disk usage)
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free -h in Linux shows?
Memory (RAM and swap) usage in human-readable format
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Which Linux command compresses files using gzip?
gzip file / tar -czf archive.tar.gz
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crontab -e opens?
User's cron job editor for scheduling recurring tasks
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Which Linux command changes file ownership?
chown user:group file
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Which shortcut in Linux terminal clears the screen?
Ctrl+L (or 'clear' command)
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How many Kilobytes in a Megabyte?
1024
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How many bits in a byte?
8
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The term 'bug' in computing refers to?
Error or flaw in software/hardware causing malfunction
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Debugging is the process of?
Finding and fixing errors in computer programs
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The ALU is part of which component?
CPU
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Random Access Memory is called 'random access' because?
Any memory location can be accessed in equal time regardless of position
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Which type of computer is used for scientific calculations requiring high speed?
Supercomputer
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Mainframe computers are used for?
Large-scale enterprise transaction processing (banking, airlines)
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Embedded computer systems are found in?
Microwave ovens, washing machines, cars, medical devices
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Which is the smallest category of computer?
Wearable/embedded
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Analog vs Digital: analog signals are?
Continuous, infinite precision values (voltage, current)
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Digitization converts?
Analog signals to digital representation (sampling + quantization)
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Sampling rate in audio is measured in?
Hz (samples per second) — CD quality is 44,100 Hz
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Bit depth in audio determines?
Resolution of each sample — CD uses 16-bit = 65,536 possible amplitude levels
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MIDI stands for?
Musical Instrument Digital Interface
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Computer Fundamentals → Number System 2

1 Nibble equals how many bits?
4
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How many bytes in a Kilobyte (binary)?
1024
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Computer Fundamentals → Software and Hardware 2

Which of the following is an example of system software?
Device drivers
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Application software is designed for?
End users to perform specific tasks (word processing, browsing, gaming)
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 3

Which component executes program instructions?
ROM
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ROM is non-volatile because?
It retains data even when power is removed
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Flash memory in USB drives is which type?
Non-volatile EEPROM-based storage
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