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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 37

git clone does?
Creates local copy of a remote repository
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Which git command shows commit history?
git log
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git stash is used to?
Temporarily save uncommitted changes to work on something else
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What is a git branch?
An independent line of development that diverges from the main codebase
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git merge combines?
Changes from different branches into the current branch
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git rebase vs git merge?
Rebase rewrites history creating linear commits; merge preserves branch history with merge commit
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GitHub Actions is used for?
CI/CD automation — automated workflows triggered by repository events
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Which GitHub feature allows code review before merging?
Pull Request (PR) / Merge Request (MR)
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Agile Sprint is?
Fixed time iteration (1-4 weeks) for completing planned work items
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Scrum Master role is?
Facilitates Scrum process, removes impediments, serves the team
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User Story in Agile is?
Brief description of feature from end user perspective (As a... I want... So that...)
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Sprint Retrospective is?
Team meeting after sprint to discuss what went well, what to improve
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Kanban board visualizes?
Workflow with columns (To Do, In Progress, Done) for task management
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WIP limit in Kanban?
Restricts number of items in each workflow stage to prevent overload
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Technical debt in software refers to?
Cost of shortcuts and poor design choices that need future rework
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Code refactoring means?
Improving code structure without changing external behavior
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Pair programming involves?
Two developers working together at one workstation simultaneously
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Code review benefits include?
Catching bugs early, knowledge sharing, and improving code quality
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API versioning strategies include?
URL path (/v1/), header, and query parameter versioning
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Webhook vs polling: webhook?
Server pushes data to client URL when event occurs — more efficient
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Which HTTP status code indicates 'Created' (after POST)?
201
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HTTP 204 No Content means?
Request succeeded but there is no content to return in response body
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GraphQL advantages over REST?
Single endpoint, client specifies exact data needed — no over/under-fetching
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gRPC compared to REST?
Faster — uses HTTP/2 + Protocol Buffers binary serialization for efficiency
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Which tool generates API documentation automatically?
Swagger / OpenAPI specification
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Load testing verifies?
System behavior under high load (many concurrent users)
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Which tool is used for API load testing?
Apache JMeter / k6 / Gatling
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Selenium is used for?
Web browser automation and UI testing
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JUnit is a testing framework for?
Java — unit testing
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pytest is a testing framework for?
Python — simple, powerful unit and integration testing
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Code coverage 100% means?
Every line of code is executed at least once by the test suite
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SonarQube is used for?
Static code analysis and code quality management
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POP3 uses which port?
110
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IMAP uses which port?
143
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DKIM adds which security to emails?
Digital signature — verifies email wasn't modified and confirms sender domain
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Which OSI layer is responsible for end-to-end communication?
Layer 4 (Transport)
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Which OSI layer is responsible for routing between networks?
Layer 3 (Network — IP)
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 1

Stress testing differs from load testing in?
Stress testing goes beyond peak load to find breaking point
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Computer Fundamentals → Internet Basics 2

Which protocol uses port 25 for email transmission?
SMTP
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Which DNS record prevents email spoofing by listing authorized mail servers?
SPF TXT record
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