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GK One-Line Question & Answer

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 38

Tailgating (piggybacking) physical security attack?
Unauthorized person following authorized person through secured door
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Shoulder surfing attack involves?
Physically observing someone's screen or keyboard to steal information
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Dumpster diving attack involves?
Searching discarded documents/hardware for sensitive information
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Defense in depth security strategy uses?
Multiple overlapping security layers — compromise of one doesn't expose all
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Principle of least privilege means?
Grant only minimum permissions necessary for the job function
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Need-to-know principle?
Access to information only for those who need it for their role
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Security audit is?
Systematic review of security controls, policies, and compliance
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Red team vs Blue team in security?
Red team attacks (offensive); Blue team defends (defensive)
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Incident Response phases include?
Preparation, Identification, Containment, Eradication, Recovery, Lessons Learned
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Forensic imaging of a hard drive creates?
Bit-for-bit exact copy preserving all data including deleted files
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Chain of custody in digital forensics?
Documentation tracking who handled evidence when and where
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Write blocker in forensics?
Hardware/software preventing any writes to evidence drive during imaging
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Which encryption mode for AES is most secure for disk encryption?
AES-XTS
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ECB mode encryption weakness?
Same plaintext blocks produce same ciphertext blocks — reveals patterns
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IV (Initialization Vector) in encryption?
Random value ensuring same plaintext encrypts differently each time
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Key stretching algorithms (PBKDF2, bcrypt) are used to?
Make brute-force attacks slower by requiring intensive computation for each guess
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Security token (hardware token) generates?
Time-based One-Time Password (TOTP) changing every 30 seconds
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TOTP (Time-based One-Time Password) standard is?
RFC 6238
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FIDO2 / WebAuthn standard provides?
Phishing-resistant passwordless authentication using public-key cryptography
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Security Assertion Markup Language (SAML) is used for?
Enterprise Single Sign-On using XML-based authentication assertions
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Dark web is accessible via?
Tor browser (anonymizing network)
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Tor network provides anonymity by?
Routing traffic through multiple encrypted hops (onion routing)
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Cryptojacking involves?
Secretly using victim's computing resources to mine cryptocurrency
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Steganography hides data?
Within innocent-looking carrier files (images, audio) invisibly
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Air-gapped computer is?
Computer isolated from all networks for maximum security
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Which attack inserts malicious code into otherwise legitimate web pages?
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
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Content Security Policy (CSP) header prevents?
XSS by specifying allowed content sources for the browser
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Which component is called the 'heart' of the computer?
Motherboard
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What does BIOS stand for?
Basic Input Output System
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DVI connector supports?
Digital (DVI-D), Analog (DVI-A), or Both (DVI-I)
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Which storage has the fastest read/write speed?
NVMe SSD
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CMOS battery on motherboard?
Maintains BIOS settings and real-time clock when PC is off
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POST stands for?
Power On Self Test
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Which expansion slot is used for graphics cards?
PCIe x16
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What is the purpose of a heatsink?
Dissipate heat from CPU/GPU to prevent thermal throttling
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TIM (Thermal Interface Material) is applied?
Between CPU/GPU die and heatsink to improve thermal contact
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USB stands for?
Universal Serial Bus
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USB 3.0 is identified by?
Blue color connector
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 1

Penetration test differs from vulnerability scan in?
Pen test actively exploits vulnerabilities; vuln scan only identifies them
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Computer Fundamentals → Output Devices 1

Which port connects a monitor using analog signal?
VGA (D-Sub)
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