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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 39

HTTP/2 improvements over HTTP/1.1 include?
Binary framing, header compression (HPACK), multiplexing, server push
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gRPC uses which protocol and format?
HTTP/2 + Protocol Buffers (binary)
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Which protocol enables real-time bidirectional streaming?
WebSocket
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Server-Sent Events (SSE) provides?
One-way server-to-client real-time updates over HTTP
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Long polling technique?
Keeps HTTP connection open until server has new data, then reconnects
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SPF (Sender Policy Framework) prevents?
Email spoofing by listing authorized mail servers for a domain
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DMARC builds on SPF and DKIM by?
Providing policy for handling authentication failures and reporting
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Which protocol assigns MAC address for a given IP in IPv4?
ARP
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RARP (Reverse ARP) does?
MAC to IP mapping (predecessor to BOOTP/DHCP)
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BOOTP precedes which modern protocol?
DHCP
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TFTP uses which transport protocol?
UDP (port 69)
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SFTP vs SCP: SFTP provides?
Full file management (list, delete, rename) over SSH
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Which protocol synchronizes time with microsecond precision?
PTP (Precision Time Protocol IEEE 1588)
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SNMP trap vs SNMP polling: trap is?
Device sends unsolicited notification to manager on event
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Which SNMP version provides strongest security?
SNMPv3
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Syslog protocol sends log messages to?
Central syslog server (UDP/TCP port 514 or 6514 TLS)
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NetFlow/IPFIX is used for?
Network traffic flow monitoring and analysis
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Which protocol provides link-level flow control using PAUSE frames?
Ethernet flow control (IEEE 802.3x)
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LLDP (Link Layer Discovery Protocol) allows?
Network devices to advertise identity and capabilities to neighbors
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CDP (Cisco Discovery Protocol) is?
Cisco proprietary neighbor discovery protocol
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Which protocol provides dynamic port security?
802.1X
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DHCP Snooping prevents?
Rogue DHCP servers by filtering DHCP messages on untrusted ports
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Dynamic ARP Inspection (DAI) prevents?
ARP spoofing/poisoning by validating ARP packets against DHCP Snooping binding table
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VLAN hopping attack techniques include?
Switch spoofing and double tagging (802.1Q)
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Port security on switches limits?
Number of MAC addresses allowed per port
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MAC flooding attack aims to?
Fill the CAM table forcing the switch to flood all frames like a hub
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Private VLAN (PVLAN) provides?
Layer 2 isolation between ports in the same VLAN (promiscuous, isolated, community)
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Which QoS marking is used at Layer 2?
CoS (Class of Service) in 802.1Q tag
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DSCP in QoS marks traffic at?
Layer 3 — 6 bits in IP header ToS/DS field
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ECN (Explicit Congestion Notification) allows?
Routers to signal congestion without packet drop to TCP endpoints
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Traffic shaping vs policing: shaping?
Buffers/delays excess traffic to conform to rate — smoother output
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DiffServ QoS model provides?
Scalable per-class service differentiation across the network
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IntServ (Integrated Services) QoS uses?
Per-flow resource reservation using RSVP
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RSVP (Resource Reservation Protocol) is used for?
Reserving network resources for specific flows (IntServ QoS)
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MPLS label stack supports?
Multiple labels (label stacking) for nested tunnels
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MPLS TE (Traffic Engineering) allows?
Explicit path control different from IGP shortest path
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Segment Routing (SR-MPLS, SRv6) advantage over MPLS TE?
Source-based path encoding eliminates per-router state and RSVP signaling
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SRv6 encodes path information using?
IPv6 extension headers (Segment Routing Header)
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EVPN (Ethernet VPN) is used for?
Providing Layer 2 VPN services over MPLS/VXLAN using BGP control plane
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Computer Fundamentals → Internet Basics 1

Which DNS record type is used for email authentication (DKIM)?
TXT (with DKIM public key)
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