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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 32

The difference between ASCII codes of uppercase and lowercase same letter is?
32
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Unicode code point for Euro sign (€) is?
U+20AC
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UTF-16 encodes most common characters using?
2 bytes (one code unit)
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Surrogate pairs in UTF-16 are used for?
Characters outside BMP requiring 4 bytes (two 16-bit code units)
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Decimal 1000 in binary is?
1111101000
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Binary 1 0000 0000 in decimal is?
256
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The number of bits needed to represent 1000 different values is?
10
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Binary multiplication is performed by?
Shift and add operations
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In 8-bit 2's complement, the most negative number is?
-128
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Overflow in signed binary arithmetic occurs when?
Result exceeds range representable in given bit width
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Decimal 0.1 + 0.2 in floating point ≠ 0.3 because?
Neither 0.1 nor 0.2 can be exactly represented in binary floating point
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Machine epsilon is?
Smallest float such that 1.0 + ε ≠ 1.0
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Q format (fixed-point) Q8.8 means?
8 integer bits + 8 fractional bits = 16-bit fixed-point number
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Binary division 1010 ÷ 0010 = ?
0101
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Parallel prefix adder (e.g., Kogge-Stone) reduces carry propagation to?
O(log n)
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What is binary 1111 + 0001?
1 0000
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Decimal 255 in octal is?
377
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Octal 777 in decimal is?
511
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Binary XOR used in error detection because?
XOR of data with parity = 0 if no error
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Ones complement addition: end-around carry means?
Add the carry bit back to LSB
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Negative zero in ones complement is represented as?
11111111
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The biased exponent in IEEE 754 single precision uses bias of?
127
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Which protocol provides IP address autoconfiguration in IPv6?
SLAAC (Stateless Address Autoconfiguration)
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ICMPv6 NDP (Neighbor Discovery Protocol) replaces which IPv4 protocols?
ARP and ICMP router discovery
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Which IPv6 address type replaces ARP?
Link-local solicited-node multicast
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OSPF area 0 is called?
Backbone area
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BGP is classified as which type of routing protocol?
EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol)
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BGP uses which transport protocol?
TCP (port 179)
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EIGRP is a?
Cisco proprietary advanced distance vector protocol
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MPLS (Multi Protocol Label Switching) forwards packets based on?
Short fixed-length labels — faster than IP routing
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SD-WAN stands for?
Software Defined Wide Area Network
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SDN (Software Defined Networking) separates?
Data and control planes
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Computer Fundamentals → Number System 7

BOM (Byte Order Mark) in Unicode files is used to?
Indicate endianness/encoding of file
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Hexadecimal 3E8 in decimal is?
1000
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Hexadecimal FFFF in decimal is?
65535
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Hexadecimal arithmetic: A + B = ?
15 hex
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Two hexadecimal digits can represent how many bits?
8
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Binary number 10000000000 has how many zeros?
10
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Hexadecimal is more convenient than binary for memory addresses because?
Each byte is represented by exactly 2 hex digits
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Computer Fundamentals → Memory Units 1

The carry from binary addition propagates from?
LSB to MSB
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