Quick Revision

GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Fundamentals → Introduction to Computer 36

SOLID 'D' (Dependency Inversion) states?
High-level modules should not depend on low-level modules — both depend on abstractions
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DRY principle in software means?
Don't Repeat Yourself — avoid code duplication
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KISS principle means?
Keep It Simple, Stupid — avoid unnecessary complexity
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YAGNI principle means?
You Aren't Gonna Need It — don't add functionality until needed
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Which software testing is done without knowledge of source code?
Black box testing
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White box testing requires?
Knowledge of internal code structure and logic
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TDD (Test-Driven Development) workflow is?
Write failing test, write code to pass, refactor
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BDD (Behavior-Driven Development) uses?
Human-readable specifications (Given-When-Then)
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Static code analysis is performed?
Without executing code — analyzes source code directly
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Code coverage measures?
Percentage of code executed during testing
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Mocking in unit testing?
Creates fake objects simulating real dependencies
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Continuous Monitoring in DevOps tracks?
Application performance, errors, and infrastructure health
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APM (Application Performance Monitoring) tools include?
Datadog, New Relic, Dynatrace
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ELK Stack stands for?
Elasticsearch, Logstash, Kibana — for log management
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Prometheus is used for?
Metrics collection and alerting
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Grafana is used to?
Visualize metrics data from Prometheus and other sources
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Chaos engineering intentionally?
Introduces failures to test system resilience
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Service Level Objective (SLO) is?
Internal target for service reliability (e.g., 99.9% uptime)
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Error budget in SRE (Site Reliability Engineering) is?
Allowable unreliability (100% - SLO)
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Which programming paradigm treats computation as evaluation of mathematical functions?
Functional programming
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In floating point, NaN (Not a Number) represents?
Invalid/undefined result (e.g., 0/0, sqrt(-1))
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IEEE 754 positive infinity is represented by?
All exponent bits 1, mantissa all 0, sign 0
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Denormalized (subnormal) numbers in IEEE 754 handle?
Numbers too small for normal representation (near zero)
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Binary 11000000.10101000.00000001.00000001 is IP address?
192.168.1.1
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Booth's algorithm is used for?
Efficient signed binary multiplication
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Restoring division algorithm in binary?
Partially restores remainder if subtraction result is negative
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Octal 0.4 in decimal is?
0.5
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BCD addition of 7+6: result with correction?
0001 0011
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Excess-3 representation of decimal 5 is?
1000
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Gray code for decimal 5 is?
0111
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Binary to Gray code conversion: each Gray bit = ?
XOR of binary bit with previous binary bit
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Hamming code is used for?
Single-bit error detection AND correction
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Minimum Hamming distance for single error correction is?
3
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Number of parity bits needed for 8 data bits in Hamming code?
4
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CRC error detection can detect?
Burst errors up to CRC length
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ASCII 'Z' (uppercase) has decimal code?
90
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Computer Fundamentals → Number System 4

Which number system is used internally by IPv4 routing tables?
Binary
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Convert hexadecimal C0A80101 to dotted decimal IP?
192.168.1.1
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Binary number 101.101 in decimal is?
5.625
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Hexadecimal 0.8 in decimal is?
0.5
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