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GK One-Line Question & Answer

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DBMS → Indexes 3

What was the name of the first commercially available microprocessor chip?
intel 4004
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Redo operations are performed exclusively using
both physical logging and physical log records
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In the........... Normal form, a composite attribute is converted to individual attributes.
First
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DBMS → Transactions 3

The magnetic storage chip used to provide non-volatile direct access storage of data and that have no moving parts are known as
magnetic bubble memory
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An operation is said to be                      if executing it several times in a row gives the same result as executing it once.
idempotent
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In RDBMS, Data is presented as a collection of............
Relations
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DBMS → Concurrency Control 3

The ALU of a computer normally contains a number of high speed storage element called
registers
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Immediate database modification technique uses
both undo and redo
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A .................. normal form, normalization will be needed where all attributes in a relation tuple are not functionally dependent only on the key attribute.
Third
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DBMS → Deadlock 3

A dump of the database contents is also referred to as an                            dump.
archival
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Shadow paging has
no redo
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To select all columns from the table the syntax is:
Select * from table_name
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DBMS → Database Security 2

                 dump, writes out SQL DDL statements and SQL insert statements to a file, which can then be reexecuted to re- create the database.
sql
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For correct behaviour during recovery, undo and redo operation must be
idempotent
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DBMS → PL/SQL 2

                   dump schemes have been developed that allow transactions to be active while the dump is in progress.
fuzzy
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If                        are not obtained in undo operation it will cause problem in undo- phase.
lower-level lock
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DBMS → Introduction to DBMS 2

ARIES uses a                        to identify log records, and stores it in database pages.
log number
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The remote backup site is sometimes also called the
secondary site
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DBMS → Database Architecture 2

ARIES supports                        operations, which are physical in that the affected page is physically identified, but can be logical within the page.
physiological redo
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The backup is taken by
sending all log records from primary site to the remote backup site
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DBMS → Data Models 2

                             is used to minimize unnecessary redos during recovery.
dirty page table
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When the                      the backup site takes over processing and becomes the primary.
primary fails
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DBMS → ER Model 2

                     scheme that records only information about dirty pages and associated information and does not even require of writing dirty pages to disk.
fuzzy-checkpoint
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The simplest way of transferring control is for the old primary to receive                       from the old backup site.
primary logs
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DBMS → Relational Model 2

Whenever an update operation occurs on a page, the operation stores the LSN of its log record in the                field of the page.
pagelsn
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The time to process the remote backup can be reduced by
checkpoints
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DBMS → Normalization 2

The                                      contains a list of pages that have been updated in the database buffer.
dirty page table
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A                                configuration can make takeover by the backup site almost instantaneous.
spare
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DBMS → Functional Dependency 2

                       determines which transactions to undo, which pages were dirty at the time of the crash, and the LSN from which the redo pass should start.
analysis pass
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A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is
one safe
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DBMS → SQL Basics 2

                     starts from a position determined during analysis, and performs a redo, repeating history, to bring the database to a state it was in before the crash.
redo pass
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A transaction commits as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary and the backup site. This is
two-very safe
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DBMS → DDL Commands 2

                             rolls back all transactions that were incomplete at the time of crash.
undo pass
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If only the primary is active, the transaction is allowed to commit as soon as its commit log record is written to stable storage at the primary site. This is
two safe
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DBMS → DML Commands 2

Which lock should be obtained to prevent a concurrent transaction from executing a conflicting read, insert or delete operation on the same key value.
higher-level lock
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Which of the following is not a Schema?
Critical Schema
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DBMS → Joins 2

Once the lower-level lock is released, the operation cannot be undone by using the old values of updated data items, and must instead be undone by executing a compensating operation; such an operation is called
logical operation
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The number of entities associated in relationship is called as it’s.....................
Degree
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DBMS → Views 2

Which of the following is used for undo operations alone?
logical logging
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The DBMS utility...................... allows reconstructing the correct state of database from the backup and history of transactions.
Recovery
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