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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Networks → Introduction to Computer Networks 39

What is IDN (Internationalized Domain Name) security risk
Unicode characters enabling lookalike domain attacks
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What is DKIM selector
Identifier specifying which DKIM key to use for verification
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What is DKIM key rotation
Periodically changing DKIM signing keys for security
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What is SPF include mechanism
Including another domain''s SPF record
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What is SPF all mechanism
Matches any IP not matched by previous mechanisms
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What is SPF ~all (softfail)
Fail but accept email from unauthorized servers
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What is SPF -all (hardfail)
Reject email from unauthorized servers
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What is SPF +all risk
Allowing all servers to send as domain (insecure)
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What is DMARC reporting rua
Aggregate report destination for DMARC
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What is DMARC reporting ruf
Forensic report destination for failed DMARC messages
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What is email security gateway (SEG)
Cloud or on-premise email filtering solution
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What is integrated email security
Email security built into email platform vs gateway
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What is threat protection in email
Anti-phishing anti-malware URL scanning and sandboxing
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What is data loss prevention (DLP) in email
Preventing sensitive data from being emailed out
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What is email encryption at rest
Encrypting stored email data in mailbox
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What is email encryption in transit
STARTTLS MTA-STS or DANE for transport encryption
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What is MTA-STS
MTA Strict Transport Security requiring TLS for email delivery
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What is ARC in email
Authenticated Received Chain for forwarded email authentication
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What is BIMI in email
Brand Indicators for Message Identification (displaying brand logo)
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What is VMC in BIMI
Verified Mark Certificate required for BIMI logo display
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What is email archiving purpose
Retention of email for compliance legal and business purposes
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What is email journaling
Copying all email to compliance system
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What is eDiscovery in email
Searching archived email for legal proceedings
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What is network monitoring dashboard key metric
Bandwidth utilization latency packet loss and device health
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What is golden signal in SRE
Latency traffic errors and saturation
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What is USE method in performance
Utilization Saturation and Errors per resource
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What is RED method in performance
Rate Errors and Duration per service
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What is percentile metrics advantage
Better representing tail latency than averages
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What is p99 latency
99th percentile latency - 99% of requests faster than this
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What is service dependency mapping
Visualizing which services depend on which other services
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What is auto-discovery in network management
Automatically finding and cataloging network devices
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What is configuration drift detection
Identifying when device config diverges from intended state
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What is compliance as code
Expressing compliance requirements as automated checks
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What is network policy as code
Defining network access policies in machine-readable format
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What is event-driven automation
Triggering automation based on network events
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What is AI-driven network automation benefit
Learning optimal policies without explicit programming
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What is simulation-based network planning
Testing capacity and topology changes before implementation
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What is digital twin validation
Verifying configuration changes on virtual copy first
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What is network change risk assessment
Evaluating potential impact before making network changes
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Computer Networks → FTP and SMTP 1

What is TLS-RPT (SMTP TLS Reporting)
Reporting TLS connectivity issues for email domains
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