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GK One-Line Question & Answer

15541+ short questions with short answers, covering every category and sub-category on the site — no long articles to scroll through. Good for a fast recap before an exam, or a few minutes of daily practice.

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Computer Networks → Introduction to Computer Networks 36

What is PMD compensation
Equalizing polarization mode dispersion in coherent receiver
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What is CD compensation
Equalizing chromatic dispersion in coherent receiver DSP
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What is nonlinear fiber impairment
Signal distortion from high power like SPM XPM FWM
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What is optical power budget
Maximum allowed loss between transmitter and receiver
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What is IPSec mode for host-to-host
Transport mode
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What is IPSec mode for network-to-network
Tunnel mode
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What is IKE phase 1 purpose
Establishing secure authenticated channel (ISAKMP SA)
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What is IKE phase 2 purpose
Negotiating IPSec SA for data protection
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What is DH group in IKE
Diffie-Hellman group defining key exchange parameters
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What is PFS in IPSec
New DH exchange for each phase 2 preventing key compromise
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What is split tunneling in VPN
Only corporate traffic through VPN internet goes direct
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What is full tunnel VPN
All traffic routed through VPN including internet
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What is WireGuard VPN advantage
Simple modern fast with minimal attack surface
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What is WireGuard cryptography
Curve25519 ChaCha20 Poly1305 BLAKE2
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What is OpenVPN protocol
TLS-based VPN over TCP or UDP
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What is L2TP/IPSec
L2TP for tunneling with IPSec for security
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What is PPTP weakness
MS-CHAPv2 authentication is vulnerable to attack
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What is network access control (NAC) enforcement
Blocking non-compliant devices until remediated
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What is BYOD security challenge
Personal unmanaged devices accessing corporate network
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What is MDM (Mobile Device Management)
Centrally managing mobile device security and configuration
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What is MAM (Mobile Application Management)
Managing specific apps on devices without full MDM
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What is UEM (Unified Endpoint Management)
Managing all endpoints PCs mobile IoT from single platform
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What is endpoint detection and response (EDR)
Monitoring endpoints for threats and enabling response
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What is NDR (Network Detection and Response)
Monitoring network traffic for threats and enabling response
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What is deception technology
Using decoys and honeypots to detect and study attackers
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What is threat intelligence feed
External data about current threats IOCs and TTPs
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What is STIX in threat intelligence
Structured Threat Information Expression format
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What is TAXII in threat intelligence
Trusted Automated eXchange of Intelligence Information protocol
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What is OpenIOC
Open framework for describing indicators of compromise
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What is Yara rule
Pattern matching rule for malware identification
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What is Snort in network security
Open source IDS/IPS with rule-based detection
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What is Suricata
Open source multi-threaded IDS/IPS/NSM
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What is Zeek (formerly Bro)
Network security monitoring framework and scripting language
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What is MISP
Malware Information Sharing Platform
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What is threat modeling PASTA
Process for Attack Simulation and Threat Analysis
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What is attack surface in security
Sum of all attack vectors into a system
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Computer Networks → Types of Networks 1

What is span engineering in optical networks
Designing fiber spans for adequate OSNR and power
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Computer Networks → Presentation Layer 3

What is SSL VPN clientless mode
Browser-based access without VPN client software
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What is SSL VPN client mode
Full network access with thin client or full client
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What is DTLS used in SSL VPN for
Real-time traffic like voice and video over VPN
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