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GK One-Line Question & Answer

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Computer Networks → Introduction to Computer Networks 39

What is route object in IRR
Object declaring prefix origin AS in routing registry
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What is ASN in IRR
Autonomous System Number identifying network on internet
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What is IRRDB
Internet Routing Registry DataBase for prefix validation
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What is BGP peering policy
Rules governing which networks to peer with and on what terms
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What is transit-free network
Network exchanging traffic with all others without paying transit
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What is network neutrality
Treating all internet traffic equally without discrimination
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What is zero-rating in mobile
Not counting certain app traffic against data cap
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What is QoS in mobile networks
Prioritizing voice and video over best-effort data
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What is traffic policing in mobile
Enforcing subscriber data rate limits
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What is sponsored data
Company paying for user''s data consumption for their app
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What is deep packet inspection in telco
Inspecting packet content for QoS billing and lawful intercept
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What is lawful intercept
Legal interception of communications for law enforcement
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What is CALEA
Communications Assistance for Law Enforcement Act
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What is charging in telco
Recording and billing subscriber usage
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What is OCS vs OFCS
OCS is real-time online charging OFCS is offline post-processing
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What is mediation system in telco
Collecting and formatting CDRs for billing system
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What is roaming in mobile networks
Using foreign operator network while away from home
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What is MVNO
Mobile Virtual Network Operator using another MNO infrastructure
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What is spectrum sharing in 5G
Multiple operators sharing same frequency band dynamically
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What is dynamic spectrum access
Cognitive radio dynamically using available spectrum
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What is cognitive radio
Radio that senses and adapts to spectrum environment
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What is LBT (Listen Before Talk)
Carrier sensing before transmission for unlicensed spectrum
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What is MulteFire
LTE/NR in unlicensed spectrum without licensed anchor
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What is LAA (Licensed Assisted Access)
LTE using unlicensed 5 GHz as secondary carrier
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What is CBRS (Citizens Broadband Radio Service)
US 3.5 GHz shared spectrum for private LTE/5G
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What is SAS in CBRS
Spectrum Access System managing CBRS spectrum sharing
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What is neutral host network
Shared indoor wireless infrastructure serving multiple operators
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What is DAS (Distributed Antenna System)
Distributed antenna infrastructure for indoor wireless coverage
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What is small cell vs macro cell
Small cells are low-power short-range macro cells are traditional towers
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What is femtocell
Very small low-power indoor cell for home/office coverage
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What is picocell
Small indoor/outdoor cell for buildings or hotspots
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What is microcell
Small outdoor cell for urban infill
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What is cell splitting
Dividing congested cell into smaller cells for capacity
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What is cell breathing in CDMA
Cell coverage shrinks as load increases
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What is MIMO channel capacity formula
C = B * log2(det(I + (P/N)*H*H†)) for MIMO channels
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What is spatial multiplexing gain
Using multiple antennas to send independent data streams
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What is diversity gain
Using multiple antennas to improve reliability via redundancy
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What is array gain
Improvement in SNR from combining multiple antenna signals
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What is multiplexing-diversity trade-off in MIMO
Cannot simultaneously maximize both diversity and multiplexing gain
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Computer Networks → Wireless Networks 1

What is private LTE/5G network
Dedicated cellular network for enterprise or industrial use
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